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What is anaphylaxis? Anaphylaxis is a sudden, severe, potentially fatal, allergic reaction that can involve various areas of the body (such as the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system). Symptoms can occur within minutes to two hours after contact with the allergen, however, they could occur several hours later. Anaphylactic reactions can be mild to life-threatening.
What foods are the most common with food allergies? Eight foods are the most common for food allergies. Peanuts, tree nuts (brazil, walnuts, cashews, etc.), wheat, soy, shellfish, fish, milk, and eggs commonly cause anaphylactic reactions. Only a trace amount of the allergen can cause a reaction.
What are the symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction? Symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction may begin with a tingling or itching in the mouth. Other symptoms may include hives, a feeling of warmth, asthma symptoms, swelling of the mouth and throat, breathing difficulties, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping, a drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.
In some individuals that have a reaction, the symptoms may go away but can return two to three hours later. This is called a bi-phasic reaction. The bi-phasic reaction often occur in the respiratory tract and can take individuals by surprise.
What should be done if an anaphylactic reaction occurs? If an anaphylactic reaction occurs, seek emergency medical help immediately. One may have to stay in the hospital for four or more hours in case of a bi-phasic reaction.
How can a anaphylactic reaction be avoided? Only strict avoidance of the allergen can keep an individual safe from a severe reaction. Always read food labels for every food before eating it and always ask questions about ingredients and about food preparations when eating away from home. If ingredients or labels are not available, best to always avoid the food.
What medication is used to treat an anaphylactic reaction? Epinephrine is most commonly used for treating an anaphylactic reaction. Your physician or allergist would provide you with a prescription for an Epinephrine Auto-Injector or Epi-Pen. It is important to administer epinephrine as soon as symptoms of anaphylaxis occur. Those who have been prescribed epinephrine must always carry it with them at all times in the event of an emergency.
Antihistamines, such as Benadryl, are often used to further improve the recovery of a person with an anaphylactic reaction.
Can anaphylaxis be fatal? Anaphylaxis can be fatal. Approximately 150 - 200 deaths occur a year in the U.S. from anaphylaxis, mostly in children and young adults. However, most that have an anaphylactic reaction recovers. Anaphylaxis from food is also believed to cause about 30,000 trips to the emergency room per year.
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